Interest rates have been marching steadily upward for months, and the Fed has indicated plans to raise interest rates twice more before year’s end in an effort to temper inflation amid a growing economy and sustained job growth.
“There’s been a sea change in the markets,” said Matt Diczok, fixed-income strategist for Merrill Lynch and U.S. Trust. “The era of financial repression is over.
“For years the Fed funds rate had been well below inflation, so short-dated bond funds — any short-dated instruments —were losing money to inflation,” he added.
Rising rates and the inflation that accompanies them, of course, can wreak havoc on bond returns overall, but rising rates have less impact on short-term bond funds. Plus, in today’s market the flattening yield curve means there’s less incentive to look to the longer term, since the premium for doing so is shrinking.
“We in the bond market think that money today is worth more than money tomorrow,” said David Knutson, head of Credit Research Americas at Schroders. “Why would you want to extend your creditor a longer term, if you’re not going to be paid that much more?”
That marks a big change from the market dynamics that have influenced investors for much of the past decade.
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“From post-crisis through 2017, investors in fixed income have had to move out along the curve to generate some yield, extending some duration risk, or taking a dip in quality,” said Alfonzo Bruno, a research analyst for fixed-income strategies with Morningstar. “Now, we’re seeing investors re-allocate and revisit their risk tolerance.”
The ability to withstand both rising interest rates and inflation makes short-term bonds a relatively safe investment, particularly when compared with other investments, including equities, which have been on a roller coaster this year, and longer-term bond funds, whose yields are likely headed down amid rising rates.
A recent analysis by Pimco found that short-term strategies had an annualized volatility of less than 1 percent over a 10-year period, compared to 15 percent annual volatility in stocks and 10 percent annualized volatility in long-term bond strategies.
“This has been a very long-running bull market, people have a lot of gains, and a lot of people are feeling like the music might stop sometime soon, and so they want to decrease the risk in their portfolio, and short-term bonds are a good way to do that,” Betterment’s Egan said.
A well-balanced portfolio should always include a mix of asset classes with a diversity of both equities and bond funds. For those with a shorter time horizon or for retirees who are in draw down phase, shifting some of their cash allocation into short-term bond funds might make sense.
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